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X-Ray Diffraction in Liquid Solutions

PLN 9.00

The work presents new results of studies on the structure and molecular correlations in liquid solutions at 293 K. The aim of the study was to obtain information about the structure and intermolecular interactions of selected binary solutions by X-ray diffraction. X-ray investigations concerned solutions of certain dipolar liquids with non-dipolar solvent. In this work the new method of the liquid solutions structure analysis was formulated. For the first time the method of reduction proposed by Mozzi and Warren with modifications introduced by the author has been applied to verify the assumed models of the molecules studied and to separate the intra- from intermolecular interactions. The X-ray diffraction patterns were measured using the Bragg-Brentano technique.

Dyfrakcja rentgenowska w ciekłych roztworach

Monografia stanowi jedyne w Polsce ogólnodostępne opracowanie dotyczące badań rentgenostrukturalnych ciekłych roztworów. Znajomość atomowo-molekularnej struktury ciekłych roztworów i mechanizmu strukturalnych procesów zachodzących w nich ma podstawowe znaczenie dla wytłumaczenia fizycznych właściwości binarnych roztworów. Celem pracy było uzyskanie informacji o strukturze i oddziaływaniach międzycząsteczkowych roztworów niektórych cieczy dipolowych z rozpuszczalnikiem niepolarnym metodą szerokokątowej dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej. Wyniki badań posłużyły do wytłumaczenia sposobu ułożenia molekuł rozpuszczalnika względem rozpuszczanej substancji. Metoda redukcji Mozzi – Warrena z wprowadzonymi przez autora modyfikacjami pozwoliła na ustalenie modeli badanych molekuł. Określono wpływ izomerii pozycji atomu chloru w chloroanizolach na metody przestrzennego rozkładu cząsteczek w badanych roztworach.

List of symbols and abbreviations

1. Introduction. The aim and scope of the studies

2. X-ray scattering in liquids and binary solutions
2.1. Diffraction of X-rays by free molecules
2.2. General formulas for the diffraction by liquid and liquid solutions
2.3. A relation between X-ray diffraction and packing coefficient of molecules
2.4. Coordination numbers in liquid systems

3. Experimental study of the diffraction by liquids and liquid solutions
3.1. An X-ray transmission diffractometer with a temperature camera for the study of liquid solutions
3.2. Conditions of X-ray scattered intensity measurements6
3.3. Correcting the experimental data
3.4. Method for normalizing experimental X-ray intensities

4. Interpretation of the structure of non-dipolar solvent
4.1. X-ray scattering in liquid p-Xylene
4.2. Relations between mean amplitudes of vibration and corresponding internuclear distances
4.3. Structural results from X-ray diffraction

5. X-ray diffraction investigation of molecular ordering in dipole liquids
5.1. Determination of the molecular structure of ortho-, meta- and para-chloroanisole
5.2. Models of short-range order in liquid ortho-, meta- and para-chloroanisole from X-ray diffraction studies
5.3. Final remarks. The use of X-ray analysis in the studies of structure of dipolar liquids

6. X-ray analysis of intermolecular interactions in binary liquid solutions
6.1. The experimental results and interpretation
6.2. Approximates models arrangement of molecules in binary liquid solutions
6.3. Final remarks. The application of X-ray diffraction in the investigations of solutions of certain dipolar liquids with non-dipolar solvent

7. Conclusions

Literature

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Detailed information
Publication Version printed
Format 17,0 x 24,0
Type of publication Monografia
Edition I
Series Fizyka nr 87
ISSN 0554-825X
ISBN 978-83-232-3636-8
DOI 10.14746/amup.9788323236375
Number of pages 64
Number of publishing sheets 5,00
Type of binding paperback
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